Combined 4 Banks Assistant Programmer Written Exam 2020  Question Full Solution



1.      1. Difference between spoofing and sniffing

Packet spoofing

Packet sniffing

Packet sniffing refers to listening to other's conversation.

 

Packet sniffing refers to listening to other's

introducing fake network traffic pretending to be someone else.

It is a passive attack (i.e. attacker cannot

cause any kind of damage)

It is an active attack (i.e. attacker can insert malicious program to infect the other

system)

Packet sniffing is usually done by gaining access to a computer/device through which the traffic flows (e.g. router or admin-PC)

Packet spoofing is done by sending packets with incorrect source address. The receiver the sends reply to this forged(spoofed) address. (Modifying routing tables)

Encryption is the best method to tackle

sniffing

Digital signatures is a good method to tackle spoofing

 

2.      2. What is the full meaning of SQL? Make list of the aggregate functions. Write SQL Query of a table and its output.

 

Answer:

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986 and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987.

The most commonly used SQL aggregate functions:

AVG - calculates the average of a set of values.

COUNT - counts rows in a specified table or view.

MIN - gets the minimum value in a set of values.

MAX - gets the maximum value in a set of values.

SUM - calculates the sum of values.

SQL Query for a table

CREATE TABLE persons (

id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO INCREMENT,

name VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,

birth date DATE,

phone VARCHAR (15) NOT NULL UNIQUE

);

 

TABLE:  person

 

id

name

birth_date

Output:

101

Alina

11/11/2011

01725402592

102

Bobi

12/12/2012

01516102973

103

Robbi

07/07/2007

01516102930

 

3. What will be the output in C and java code?

Output:

5

3

2

1

5

38

2

6356864

4198653

 

(i) C program:

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

int a[] = {5,3,4,2,1);

int i;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

printf("%d\n", a[i]);

}

 

(ii)Java program:

public class MyFirst {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyFirst obj new MyFirst (n);

}

static int a = 10;

static int n;

int b = 5;

int C;

public My First (int m) {

System.out.println(a+", "+ b+", " + C + ", " + n + ",

" + m);

}

{

b = 30;

n = 20;

}

static{

a = 60;

}

}

Answer:

60, 30, 0, 20, 0


4. What is Agile Methodology? Difference between Agile Model and Waterfall Model

Answer:

Agile Methodology: AGILE methodology is a practice that promotes continuous iteration of development and testing throughout the software development lifecycle of the project. In the Agile model, both development and testing activities are concurrent, unlike the Waterfall model.

Agile and Waterfall model are two different methods for software development process.

Agile Model

Waterfall Model

Agile method proposes incremental and iterative approach to software design

Development of the software flows sequentially from start point to end point.

The agile process is broken into individual models that designers work on

The design process is not broken into an individual models

Agile model is considered unstructured compared to the waterfall model

Waterfall model are more secure because they are so plan oriented

Documentation attends less priority than software development

Documentation is a top priority and can testing phase is executed because separate parts are not fully functional.

Testers and developers work together

Testers work separately from developers

At the end of every sprint, user acceptance is performed

User acceptance is performed at the end of the project.

 

 

5.  Linked list, doubly linked list and circular linked list explain with diagram.

Answer:

Singly link list: In a singly linked list, each node stores a reference to an object that is anelement of the sequence, as well as a reference to the next node of the list. It does not storeany pointer or reference to the previous node.

Examples

Let us assume the singly linked list above and trace down the effect of each fragment below.The list is restored to its initial state before each line executes

head=head.next;

 

 

 

head.next=head.next.next;

 

 

 

Doubly link list:

Doubly Linked List is a variation of Linked list in which navigation is possible in both ways,both forward and backward easily as compared to Single Linked List. Following are theimportant terms to understand the concept of doubly linked list.

 

Link: Each link of a linked list can store a data called an element.

Next: Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next link called Next.

Prev: Each link of a linked list contains a link to the previous link called Prev.

Linked List: A Linked List contains the connection link to the first link called First andto the last link called Last.

 

 

Doubly Linked List Representation

 

As per the above illustration, following are the important points to be considered.

 

Doubly Linked List contains a link element called first and last.

Each link carries a data field(s) and two link fields called next and prev.

Each link is linked with its next link using its next link.

Each link is linked with its previous link using its previous link.

The last link carries a link as null to mark the end of the list.

Circular link list:

Circular linked list is a linked list where all nodes are connected to form a circle. There is no NULL at the end. A circular linked list can be a singly circular linked list or doubly circular linked list.

 

6. X is an integer stream of N numbers. You have to select 2 data P and Q such thatA<= (P+Q) <=B. Write an algorithm / pseudo code/ C program how many ways youcan select P & Q. The time complexity must be n log n.

Answer:

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

int x [] = {3,4,1,2,5,6,4,7,10,8}; // X is an

N numbers

int N = 10; //

}

int compare (const void * a, const void * b) {

return (* (int*) a - *(int*)b);

}

int main() {

qsort (X, N, sizeof(int), compare);

int i, P, Q;

int ans = 0;

int A 5;

int B = 10;

int left_border=N, right_border=-1;

int begin, end, mid;

for (i = 0; i<n; i++) {

right border = -1;

//binary search begin

begin= i+1;

end N-1;

while (begin<end) {

mid = (begin + end) /2;

P=X[i];

Q= X[mid];

if (P+Q>=A && P+Q<=B) {

begin mid + 1;

if (begin>right_border) {

right_border=mid;

}

}

else{

end = mid - 1;

}

}

//binary search end

left border = N;

begin= i+1;

end N-1;

// binary search begin

while (begin<end) {

mid = (begin + end)/2;

P = X[i];

Q= X[mid] ;

if (P+Q>=A && P+Q<=B) {

end = mid;

if (end<left_border) {

left border = mid;

}

}

else{

end = mid - 1;

}

}

// binary search end

if (left_border!=N &&right_border!= -1) {

ans =ans + (right_border - left_border) + 1;

}

printf ("ways you can select P & Q = %d ", ans);

}

Output:

ways you can select P & Q =21

 

7. How to determine the weighted graph has negative cycle?

Answer:

 

We are given a directed graph. We need compute whether the graph has negative cycle ornot. A negative cycle is one in which the overall sum of the cycle comes negative.

 

Negative weights are found in various applications of graphs. For example, instead of payingcost for a path, we may get some advantage if we follow the path.

Examples:

Input:

4 4

0 1 1

1 2 -1

2 3 -1

30 -1

Output: Yes

The graph contains a negative cycle.

 

Below is algorithm find if there is a negative weight cycle reachable from given source.

 

1.      Initialize distances from source to all vertices as infinite and distance to source itself as 0. Create an array dist[] of size V| with all values as infinite except dist[src] wheresrc is source vertex.

2.       This step calculates shortest distances. Do following (V|-1 times where [V] is the numberof vertices in given graph.

a.       Do following for each edge u-V

                ……………………….. If dist[v] >dist[u] + weight of edge uv, then update dist[v]

……………….........dist[v] = dist[u] + weight of edge uv

3.      This step reports if there is a negative weight cycle in graph. Do following for each edgeU-V ......If dist[v] >dist[u] + weight of edge uv, then “Graph contains negative weightcycle"

 

The idea of step 3 is, step 2 guarantees shortest distances if graph doesn't contain negativeweight cycle. If we iterate through all edges one more time and get a shorter path for anyvertex, then there is a negative weight cycle.

 

 

8.  Write down the functionality of OSI model.

Answer:

 

The OSI model is a layered framework for the design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems. It consists of seven separate but related layers, each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across network. There are 7 layers in OSI model is given below:

 

Layer 7: Application.

Layer 6: Presentation.

Layer 5: Session.

Layer 4: Transport.

Layer 3: Network.

Layer 2: Data Link.

Layer 1: Physical.

 

Physical Layer: The physical layer, the lowest layer of the OSI model, is concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. It describes the electrical/optical, mechanical and functional interfaces to the physical medium and carries the signals for all of the higher layers.

 

Data Link Layer: The data link layer provides error-free transfer of data frames from one node to another over the physical layer, allowing layers above it to assume virtually error-free Transmission over the link.

 

Network Layer: The network layer controls the operation of the subnet. A key design issue is determining how packets are routed from source to destination.

 

Transport Layer: The transport layer ensures that messages are delivered error-free, insequence and with no losses or duplications. It relieves the higher layer protocols from anyconcern with the transfer of data between them and their peers.

 

Session Layer: The session layer allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. This layer is responsible for establishing the process-to-process communication between the hosts in the network.

 

Presentation Layer: The Presentation layer is responsible for protocol conversion, data encryption/decryption, Expanding graphics command and the date compression.

 

Application layer: The application layer serves as the window for users and application processes to access network services. The application layer is the OSI layer, which is closest to the end-user. It means OSI application layer allows users to interact with other software application. This layer contains a variety of commonly needed functions:

 

Resource sharing and device redirection

Remote file access

Remote printer access

Inter-process communication

Network management

Directory services

Electronic messaging (such as mail)

Network virtual terminals

9. Write a code in C/C++ that will output the 2nd largest number. (If N>=1)

 

Answer:

 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int n, num [50], largest, second;

cout<<"Enter number of elements: ";

cin>>n;

for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {

cout<<"Enter Array Element"<<(i+1)<<": ";

cin>>num [i];

if (num [0]<num [1]) {

largest

num[1];

second = num [0];

}

else{

largest = num [0];

second = num [1];

}

for (int i = 2; i<n; i++) {

if (num[i] > largest) {

second = largest;

largest = num[i];

}

else if (num[i] > second && num[i] != largest) {

second = num[i];

}

}

 

cout<<"Second Largest Element in array is: "<<second;

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter number of elements: 5

Enter Array Elementi: 12

Enter Array Element2: 31

Enter Array Element3: 9

Enter Array Element4: 21

Enter Array Element5: 3

Second Largest Element in array is: 21

 

 

10. Draw ER diagram (Self test)

 

 

Previous Article Next Article