BPSC ICT Ministry Assistant Programmer 59 posts Exam 2021 Full Question solution
1. (ক) IR 4.0 বলতে কি বুঝায়? IR 4.0 এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উপাদানগুলো লিখুন।
Answer:
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) is the ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology. Large-scale machine to-machine communication (M2M) and the internet of things (IoT) are integrated for increased automation, improved communication and self-monitoring, and production of smart machines that can analyze and diagnose issues without the need for human intervention.
Some important Elements of IR 4.0 is given below:
- Cloud Computing
- Internet of things (IoT) platforms
- Location detection technologies
- Advanced human-machine interfaces
- Big data Analysis
- Authentication and fraud detection
- Smart sensors
- Augmented reality/ wearables
- RFID Technologies
(খ) Big data বলতে কি বুঝায়? Big data এর বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলো লিখুন।
Answer:
Big Data: Big Data is also data but with a huge size. Big Data is a term used to describe a collection of data that is huge in volume and yet growing exponentially with time. In short such data is so large and complex that none of the traditional data management tools are able to store it or process it efficiently.
Characteristics of Big Data
Volume: The name Big Data itself is related to a size which is enormous. 'Volume' is one characteristic which needs to be considered while dealing with Big Data.
Variety: Variety refers to heterogeneous sources and the nature of data, both structured and unstructured
Velocity: The term 'velocity' refers to the speed of generation of data.
2. (ক) Procedural Oriented ও Object Oriented Programming Language মধ্যে পার্থক্য কি ? উভয় Language এর ২টি করে উদাহরণ দিন।
Answer:
(খ) Recursion কি? Recursion পদ্ধতিতে একটি Integer সংখ্যার Factorial নির্ণয়ের জন্য C-Language এ একটি Program লিখুন।
Answer: [See BPSC, Assistant Network Engineer, Written Exam: 2020]
3. (ক) Data transfer rate এর ভিত্তিতে নিম্নোক্ত memory/storage device গুলাকে বেশী থেকে কম ক্রমানুসারে সাজান I
(i) Flash drive (ii) SSD (iii) Cache memory (iv) DVD (v) RAM (vi) Magnetic HD
Cache memory →RAM→ SSD →Flash drive →Magnetic HD →DVD
(খ) Computer network এর OSI 7-Layer গুলো উদাহরণসহ লিখুন।
Answer: [See Combined 4 Banks, Assistant Programmer, Written Exam: 2020 (DU)]
4. (ক) Software এর alpha -version and β – version কি?
Answer:
The a (alpha) version of a software product is a pre-release early version that is part of a dedicated testing process. Most software products move through a multi-step process before being released to the public. An alpha version is part of that system for developing efficient, accurate and bug-free software programs.
A pre-release of software that is given out to a large group of users to try under real conditions. B (Beta) versions have gone through alpha testing in-house and are generally fairly close in look, feel and function to the final product; however, design changes often occur as a result.
(খ) Software Requirement Specification (SRS) বলতে কি বুঝায় ? Software Development এর কোন ধাপে SRS তৈরি করা হয়? ?
A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a document that captures complete description about how the system is expected to perform. It is usually signed off at the end of requirements engineering phase.
Software Development এর “Feasibility Study” ধাপে SRS তৈরি করা হয়।
(গ) Unit testing, Integration testing এবং Beta testing বলতে কি বুঝায়?
Answer:
Unit Testing: Unit testing involves the testing of each unit or an individual component of the software application. It is the first level of functional testing. The aim behind unit testing is to validate unit components with its performance.
Integration Testing: Upon completion of unit testing, the units or modules are to be integrated which gives raise to integration testing. The purpose of integration testing is to verify the functional, performance and reliability between the modules that are integrated.
Beta Testing: Beta testing is a type of User Acceptance Testing among the most crucial testing, which performed before the release of the software. Beta Testing is a type of Field Test. This testing performs at the end of the software testing life cycle.
5. (7) Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram কেন ব্যবহার করা হয়? একটি উদাহরন এর মাদ্ধ্যমে ব্যাখ্যা করুন I
Answer:
Database Design: ER diagrams are used to model and design relational databases, in terms of logic and business rules (in a logical data model) and in terms of the specific technology to be implemented (in a physical data model.) A relational database has an equivalent relational table and can potentially be expressed that way as needed.
Database Troubleshooting: ER diagrams are used to analyze existing databases to find and resolve problems in logic or deployment. Drawing the diagram should reveal where it's going wrong.
Business Information Systems: The diagrams are used to design or analyze relational databases used in business processes. Any business process that uses fielded data involving entities, actions and interplay can potentially benefit from a relational database. It can streamline processes, uncover information more easily and improve results.
Business Process Re-engineering (BPR): ER diagrams help in analyzing databases used in business process re-engineering and in modeling a new database setup.
Education: Databases are today's method of storing relational information for educational purposes and later retrieval, so ER Diagrams can be valuable in planning those data structures.
(খ) Relational Database Design এ Primary Key ও Foreign Key বলতে কি বুঝায়? উদাহরণসহ লিখুন।
Answer:
Primary Key: Primary key is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table. The Primary Key cannot be a duplicate meaning the same value cannot appear more than once in the table. A table cannot have more than one primary key. It cannot contain null values. There can be more than one candidate key in relation out of which one can be chosen as the primary key. For Example, STUD_NO, as well as STUD_PHONE both, are candidate keys for relation STUDENT but STUD_NO can be chosen as the primary key.
Foreign key: Foreign key is the column of a (child) table which is used to point to the primary key of another (parent) table. In other words, if we had a table A with a primary key X that linked to a table B where X was a field in B, then X would be a foreign key in B. and A is parent table and B is child table.
6. (ক) Wi-Fi Network সম্পর্কে সংক্ষিপ্ত বিবরণ দিন I Wi-Fi Sensor Network এবং Ad Hoc Network এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য লিখুন।
Answer:
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high speed Internet access. A common misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for “wireless fidelity,” however Wi-Fi is a trademarked phrase that refers to IEEE 802.11x standards.
(খ) Authentication বলতে কি বুঝায়? Two Factor Authentication কি? উদাহরণসহ ব্যাখ্যা করুন।
Answer:
Authentication is the process of recognizing a user's identity. It is the mechanism of associating an incoming request with a set of identifying credentials. The credentials provided are compared to those on a file in a database of the authorized user's information on a local operating system or within an authentication server.
Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a method of establishing access to an online account or computer system that requires the user to provide two different types of information.
Two-factor authentication is a combination of two of the following:
Something we know our password
Something we have such as a text with a code sent to our smartphone or other device or a smartphone authenticator app
Something we are biometrics using our fingerprint, face or retina
Example of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
Apple account holders can use 2FA to ensure that accounts can only be accessed from trusted devices. If a user tries to log in to their iCloud account from a different computer, the user will need the password, but also a multi-digit code that Apple will send to one of the user's devices, such as their iPhone.
7. (ক) Cloud Computing এর সার্ভিসগুলো লিখুন।
Answer: Services of cloud computing:
- IaaS- Infrastructure as a Service
- PaaS- Platform as a Service
- SaaS- Software as a Service
- NaaS- Network as a Service
- CuaS-Cloud user as a Service
(খ) Algorithm কি? Algorithm প্রকাশের তিনটি পদ্ধতির নাম লিখুন।
Answer: An algorithm is a sequence of finite number of logical steps to solve a particular problem or algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous logical steps that produces a result and terminates in a finite time.
Algorithm প্রকাশের তিনটি পদ্ধতির নাম:
- Flow charts
- Pseudo code
- Programming languages
(গ) Universal logic gate কি ? 3-input 17 এর একটি Universal logic gate এর Logic symbol 47 এবং Truth Table দেখান।
Answer:
Universal Gate: A universal logic gate is a logic gate that can be used to construct all other logic gates. The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates because any Boolean function can be implemented using one of these gates.
3-input NAND gate Logic symbol:
3-input Universal logic gate NAND Truth Table is given below:
8. (ক) কোন প্রতিষ্ঠানের Web page development এ HTML এবং CSS এর ভূমিকা কি? শুধুমাত্র HTML এবং CSS ব্যবহার করে কোন ধরনের Web Page Development করা যেতে পারে?
Answer:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are two of the core technologies for building Web pages. HTML provides the structure of the page, CSS the (visual and aural) layout, for a variety of devices. Along with graphics and scripting, HTML and CSS are the basis of building Web pages and Web Applications.
শুধুমাত্র HTML এবং CSS ব্যবহার করে Static Web Page Development করা যেতে পারে। Static web pages are created using only HTML and CSS. Static web pages are only used when the information is no more required to be modified.
(খ) PHP কি? Web Development এ Java Script এর প্রয়োজনীয়তা সম্পর্কে বিবরণ দিন।
Answer:
PHP is a server side scripting language. that is used to develop Static websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications. PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood for Personal Home Pages.
JavaScript is a client-side programming language which helps web developer to do Web Application Development and make dynamic and interactive web pages by implementing custom client-side scripts.
Speed: Client-side JavaScript is very fast because it can be run immediately within the client side browser. Unless outside resources are required, JavaScript is unhindered by network calls to a backend server.
Simplicity: JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and implement.
Popularity: JavaScript is used everywhere on the web.
Interoperability: JavaScript plays nicely with other languages and can be used in a huge variety of applications.
Server Load: Being client-side reduces the demand on the website.